Summary about Disease
Uterine polyps are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus (endometrium) that extend into the uterine cavity. They are usually benign (noncancerous) but can sometimes be cancerous or precancerous. They range in size from a few millimeters (smaller than a pea) to several centimeters (golf ball size) or larger. Having more than one polyp is also common.
Symptoms
Irregular menstrual bleeding, for example, frequent, unpredictable periods of variable length and heaviness
Bleeding between menstrual periods
Excessively heavy menstrual periods
Vaginal bleeding after menopause
Infertility
Causes
The exact cause of uterine polyps isn't fully understood, but hormonal factors appear to play a role. Estrogen, specifically, seems to be a factor. Other factors include:
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Obesity
Taking tamoxifen, a drug used to treat breast cancer
Medicine Used
There are no medications that reliably eliminate uterine polyps. Hormone medications, such as progestins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, may temporarily reduce symptoms, but symptoms typically return when the medication is stopped.
Progestins: can help manage heavy bleeding.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists: can shrink polyps. Surgical removal is typically the most effective treatment.
Is Communicable
No, uterine polyps are not communicable. They cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
While you can't necessarily prevent uterine polyps, you can reduce your risk by:
Maintaining a healthy weight.
Managing blood pressure.
Discussing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen with your doctor if you are considering taking it.
Having regular checkups with your gynecologist.
How long does an outbreak last?
Uterine polyps are not an "outbreak" type of condition. They are growths. Without treatment (usually surgical removal), they can persist indefinitely and symptoms can fluctuate.
How is it diagnosed?
Transvaginal ultrasound: A device inserted into the vagina uses sound waves to create an image of the uterus.
Hysteroscopy: A thin, flexible, lighted telescope (hysteroscope) is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus, allowing the doctor to view the uterine lining directly.
Endometrial biopsy: A sample of the uterine lining is taken and examined under a microscope.
Dilation and Curettage (D&C): A procedure where the cervix is dilated and a special instrument is used to scrape the uterine lining. The tissue is then sent to a lab for analysis.
Sonohysterography: Fluid is injected into the uterus through a thin tube passed through the vagina and cervix. Ultrasound is used to create images of the uterus.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms is variable. Some women may have polyps for months or even years without experiencing any symptoms. For others, symptoms may develop gradually over time. There's no fixed timeline. Symptoms can appear suddenly or worsen gradually. It's important to see a doctor if you notice any unusual bleeding or other concerning changes.
Important Considerations
Although most uterine polyps are benign, some can be precancerous or cancerous. Any polyps removed should be sent to a lab for examination.
Polyp removal may improve fertility in some women.
Uterine polyps can recur after removal. Regular follow-up appointments with your doctor are important.
Discuss your symptoms and concerns with your doctor to determine the best course of treatment.